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+# Cyclone Ubuntu Docker Deployment — Design
+
+**Date:** 2026-06-22
+**Status:** Approved (pending user review of this doc)
+**Depends on:** [2026-06-19-cyclone-production-readiness-design.md](2026-06-19-cyclone-production-readiness-design.md) (in-memory store + react-query wiring; local-only)
+**Replaces:** The "no auth, no Docker, local-only" posture of the parent spec with a production-grade posture for real PHI on a single Ubuntu server.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Overview
+
+Cyclone's first sub-project shipped a usable local-only system: parse 837/835 files, browse the data, edit and resubmit rejected claims, export a corrected 837 ZIP. Everything ran on `127.0.0.1` with no auth, in-memory storage, and a `python -m cyclone serve` invocation.
+
+This sub-project graduates that to a production-grade deployment on a single Ubuntu Linux server:
+
+- **Two-container Docker Compose** (backend + frontend) replacing the dev-server split
+- **App-layer authentication** with username + password, argon2id hashing, session cookies, and three fixed roles (admin / operator / viewer)
+- **SQLCipher encryption at rest** for the SQLite DB, with the key as a Docker secret
+- **Daily encrypted backups** with the existing AES-256-GCM `BackupService`, scheduler autostart, 14-day retention
+- **LAN-only bind** (single operator, single Ubuntu server); VPN handles outside access
+- **Manual `docker compose pull` updates** with semver tags; one-env-var rollback
+- **Operator runbook** + bootstrap scripts so the deploy is reproducible
+
+Real PHI flows through this deployment. The SFTP wire stays stubbed — operators download the corrected 837 ZIP and hand it to the Gainwell MFT UI manually. That's intentional and documented as v1 scope; SFTP wire is v2.
+
+After this ships, the operator can:
+1. `git clone <repo> /opt/cyclone && cd /opt/cyclone`
+2. `docker compose build`
+3. `bash scripts/cyclone-init.sh` → generates `/etc/cyclone/secrets/{db,secret,admin_pw}.key`, prints the admin password once
+4. `docker compose up -d`
+5. Open `http://<lan-ip>:8080/login` → log in as `admin`, change password, create operators
+6. Upload parsed 837s, edit claims, export ZIPs, hand to MFT UI
+7. Trust daily encrypted backups + the operator's off-box cron copy for ≤24h loss
+
+## 2. Goals
+
+1. **Dockerize the existing stack** so it runs the same way in production as in development. One repo, one `docker compose up -d`.
+2. **Add app-layer authentication** with username/password + 3-role RBAC, replacing the current "no auth at all" posture.
+3. **Encrypt the SQLite DB at rest** via SQLCipher; key as a Docker secret (not an env var, not a keychain on macOS).
+4. **Wire the existing encrypted backup system** to autostart on container boot with sane defaults (24h interval, 14-day retention).
+5. **Add an operator runbook + bootstrap scripts** so the system is reproducible from `git clone` and supportable without tribal knowledge.
+6. **Preserve all existing functionality** — the parser, editor, exporter, scheduler, audit log, backup/restore flow all keep working unchanged from the user's perspective.
+
+## 3. Non-goals (this sub-project)
+
+- **Real SFTP wire (paramiko)** — keep stub. Operators download ZIPs and use the MFT UI. Listed as v2.
+- **Public TLS / public domain / Caddy reverse proxy** — LAN-only bind for v1; VPN handles outside access. Listed as v2.
+- **Multi-host HA / DB replication / load balancing** — single Ubuntu server. Listed as v2.
+- **Prometheus / Grafana / real alerting** — v1 uses the simple `curl healthz | mail` cron pattern. Listed as v2.
+- **Off-box automated backup shipping** — operator's responsibility via host cron / rsync. Documented in runbook, not automated.
+- **2FA / SSO / OAuth** — v2.
+- **Self-service password reset** — v2; v1 admin resets via `cyclone admin reset-password` CLI.
+- **Per-file encryption of prodfiles / sftp_staging volumes** — v2; v1 relies on volume-level filesystem permissions + the SQLCipher-encrypted DB + the host being physically secure.
+- **LUKS full-disk encryption** — out of scope; assumed to be an operator-level concern (Ubuntu installer offers it).
+- **Automatic update mechanism** (Watchtower etc.) — v1 is manual `docker compose pull`. Listed as v2.
+- **New X12 transaction types or validation rules** — not this sub-project.
+
+## 4. Stack
+
+**Backend additions:**
+- `argon2-cffi` (new dep) for password hashing
+- `cyclone.auth` module: `User` / `Session` SQLAlchemy models, password hashing helpers, lockout logic
+- `cyclone.api.auth` routes: `/api/auth/{login,logout,change-password,me}`
+- `cyclone.api.users` routes: `/api/admin/users` (admin-only CRUD)
+- `cyclone.cli` additions: `cyclone admin {create-user,reset-password,list-users}`
+- Migration `0012_users_sessions.sql` for `users` + `sessions` tables
+- Existing `BackupService` (SP17) and `audit_log` machinery reused unchanged
+
+**Backend Dockerfile** (`backend/Dockerfile`):
+- Multi-stage: builder stage installs `.[sqlcipher]` (sqlcipher is optional but recommended; the engine falls back to plain SQLite if the package isn't actually present, same graceful default as today), runtime stage copies installed site-packages + source
+- Base: `python:3.11-slim-bookworm` (matches `requires-python = ">=3.11"`)
+- Non-root user `cyclone` (uid 1000)
+- `HEALTHCHECK CMD curl -fs http://localhost:8000/api/healthz || exit 1`
+- Entrypoint: `python -m cyclone serve`
+
+**Frontend additions:**
+- `nginx.conf` for SPA routing + reverse proxy to backend
+- `Dockerfile.frontend`: multi-stage builder (node:20-alpine runs `npm ci && npm run build`) + runtime (nginx:1.27-alpine serving `dist/`)
+- `useCurrentUser()` hook (react-query)
+- `Login.tsx` page
+- `<AuthGate>` wrapper in `App.tsx`
+- `<NavBar>` shows username + role badge + logout button
+- `/admin/users` page (admin-only)
+
+**Infrastructure:**
+- `docker-compose.yml` at repo root
+- `scripts/cyclone-init.sh` — generates `/etc/cyclone/secrets/*` with `openssl rand -hex 32`
+- `scripts/post-deploy.sh` — sets up logrotate + healthcheck cron on host
+- `scripts/smoke.sh` — bring-up + login + parse + export end-to-end test
+- `RUNBOOK.md` — daily/weekly/quarterly/as-needed ops procedures
+- `.dockerignore` files for both build contexts
+
+## 5. Architecture
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│  Ubuntu Linux server (your machine)                 │
+│                                                     │
+│  cyclone_network (bridge)                           │
+│  ┌─────────────────────┐    ┌────────────────────┐ │
+│  │ cyclone-backend     │    │ cyclone-frontend   │ │
+│  │ FastAPI             │◄───┤ nginx (SPA + proxy)│ │
+│  │ :8000 (internal)    │    │ :8080 (host)       │ │
+│  └──────┬──────────────┘    └─────────┬──────────┘ │
+│         │                             │            │
+└─────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────┘
+          │                             │
+   ┌──────▼──────────────────┐   ┌──────▼──────────┐
+   │ Named volumes           │   │ Bind mounts     │
+   │  cyclone_db             │   │  ./dist (built) │
+   │  cyclone_backups        │   │  ./nginx.conf   │
+   │  cyclone_prodfiles      │   └─────────────────┘
+   │  cyclone_sftp_staging   │
+   └─────────────────────────┘
+
+   /etc/cyclone/secrets/  (host, chmod 600, root:root)
+     ├─ db.key          → /run/secrets/cyclone_db_key
+     ├─ secret.key      → /run/secrets/cyclone_secret_key
+     └─ admin_pw        → /run/secrets/cyclone_admin_password
+```
+
+**Why two containers:** nginx serves the React build faster than FastAPI would, decouples frontend rebuild cadence from backend release cadence, and is the standard ops pattern. nginx also reverse-proxies `/api/*` to the backend so the browser only talks to one origin (no CORS needed, no preflight requests for the `Cookie` header).
+
+**Why LAN-only bind:** nginx listens on `0.0.0.0:8080` inside the host network namespace, but the operator is expected to bind to the LAN IP via firewall rules / not exposing on the WAN. VPN handles outside access. No public TLS needed for v1.
+
+**Container-to-container networking:** the frontend container reaches the backend at `http://cyclone-backend:8000` over the compose-managed bridge network. The browser only ever sees `http://<lan-ip>:8080`.
+
+**Healthcheck:** container-level `curl -fs http://localhost:8000/api/healthz` every 30s, 3 retries. Compose `restart: unless-stopped` on healthcheck failure.
+
+**Reverse proxy in nginx:**
+
+```nginx
+server {
+  listen 8080;
+  server_name _;
+
+  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
+  index index.html;
+
+  # API + auth: proxy to backend
+  location /api/ {
+    proxy_pass http://cyclone-backend:8000;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+    proxy_read_timeout 300s;  # long enough for big parse streams
+    client_max_body_size 50m; # claims files can be large
+  }
+
+  # SPA: serve index.html for all non-/api routes
+  location / {
+    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 6. Backend changes
+
+### 6.1 New module `backend/src/cyclone/auth/__init__.py`
+
+```python
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Role:
+    VIEWER = "viewer"
+    OPERATOR = "operator"
+    ADMIN = "admin"
+
+ROLE_RANK = {Role.VIEWER: 0, Role.OPERATOR: 1, Role.ADMIN: 2}
+
+
+class User(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "users"
+    id: Mapped[str]              # uuid4 hex
+    username: Mapped[str]        # UNIQUE
+    password_hash: Mapped[str]   # argon2id
+    role: Mapped[str]            # viewer | operator | admin
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime]
+    last_login_at: Mapped[datetime | None]
+    failed_count: Mapped[int] = 0
+    locked_until: Mapped[datetime | None] = None
+
+
+class Session(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "sessions"
+    id: Mapped[str]              # 32-byte hex token
+    user_id: Mapped[str]
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime]
+    expires_at: Mapped[datetime]
+    ip: Mapped[str | None]
+    user_agent: Mapped[str | None]
+```
+
+Password hashing uses `argon2-cffi` with the OWASP-recommended parameters (`time_cost=2`, `memory_cost=19456`, `parallelism=1`, `hash_len=32`).
+
+### 6.2 Auth routes in `backend/src/cyclone/api.py` (new router `auth_router`)
+
+| Method | Path | Behavior | Auth |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| POST | `/api/auth/login` | `{username, password}` → verify argon2id, increment `failed_count` on miss (lock at 5/15min), create session, set `HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Lax` cookie | none |
+| POST | `/api/auth/logout` | delete session row, clear cookie | any logged-in |
+| GET | `/api/auth/me` | `{user: {username, role}}` or 401 | any logged-in |
+| POST | `/api/auth/change-password` | `{old_password, new_password}` → verify, rehash | any logged-in |
+| POST | `/api/admin/users` | `{username, password, role}` → create user | admin |
+| GET | `/api/admin/users` | list users | admin |
+| PATCH | `/api/admin/users/{id}` | `{role?, password?}` | admin |
+| DELETE | `/api/admin/users/{id}` | soft-disable (set `disabled_at`) | admin |
+
+### 6.3 The `require_role` dependency
+
+Every existing protected route gets a `dependencies=[Depends(require_role(Role.OPERATOR))]` annotation:
+
+```python
+def require_role(min_role: str):
+    """FastAPI dependency factory: read cookie, load user, enforce role."""
+    def dep(request: Request) -> User:
+        sid = request.cookies.get("cyclone_session")
+        if not sid:
+            raise HTTPException(401, "not authenticated")
+        with db.SessionLocal()() as s:
+            sess = s.get(Session, sid)
+            if sess is None or sess.expires_at < utcnow():
+                raise HTTPException(401, "session expired")
+            user = s.get(User, sess.user_id)
+            if user is None:
+                raise HTTPException(401, "user gone")
+            if user.locked_until and user.locked_until > utcnow():
+                raise HTTPException(423, "account locked")
+            if ROLE_RANK[user.role] < ROLE_RANK[min_role]:
+                raise HTTPException(403, f"requires {min_role}")
+            request.state.user = user
+            request.state.actor = user.username  # existing audit-log contract
+            return user
+    return dep
+```
+
+**Role → action matrix:**
+
+| Action | viewer | operator | admin |
+|---|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+| View claims, batches, acks | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| `POST /api/parse-837`, `/api/parse-835` | — | ✓ | ✓ |
+| Edit claim fields, resubmit rejected | — | ✓ | ✓ |
+| `POST /api/batches/{id}/export-837` | — | ✓ | ✓ |
+| `POST /api/clearhouse/submit` | — | ✓ | ✓ |
+| `/api/admin/users` CRUD | — | — | ✓ |
+| `/api/admin/backup/*` | — | — | ✓ |
+| `/api/config/*` (clearhouse, payers) | — | — | ✓ |
+| `/api/admin/audit-log` | — | — | ✓ |
+| Backup scheduler on/off | — | — | ✓ |
+
+**Login rate-limit:** the existing `cyclone.api.security.request_rejected` machinery already rate-limits by IP; we add per-username lockout on top:
+- `failed_count >= 5` within 15min → `locked_until = now + 15min`
+- Locked accounts return 423; the lock clears after the cooldown
+
+### 6.4 Audit log wiring
+
+The existing `audit_log.append(actor=..., ...)` calls already accept an actor string. The new auth dependency sets `request.state.actor = user.username`, and a small middleware reads it for every request. No audit-log schema change.
+
+### 6.5 CLI additions
+
+```bash
+cyclone admin create-user --username X --role admin --password <from_stdin or --password-file>
+cyclone admin reset-password --username X --new-password <from_stdin or --password-file>
+cyclone admin list-users
+```
+
+Used by `scripts/cyclone-init.sh` for the bootstrap admin, and by the operator for password recovery.
+
+### 6.6 Migration `0012_users_sessions.sql`
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE users (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'operator', 'viewer')),
+    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    last_login_at TIMESTAMP,
+    failed_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    locked_until TIMESTAMP,
+    disabled_at TIMESTAMP
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_username ON users(username);
+
+CREATE TABLE sessions (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    expires_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    ip TEXT,
+    user_agent TEXT
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_sessions_user_id ON sessions(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_sessions_expires_at ON sessions(expires_at);
+```
+
+### 6.7 Session timeout config
+
+| Setting | Default | Env var |
+|---|---|---|
+| Session absolute lifetime | 30 days | `CYCLONE_SESSION_ABSOLUTE_DAYS` |
+| Session sliding expiry | 8 hours | `CYCLONE_SESSION_SLIDING_HOURS` |
+| Cookie name | `cyclone_session` | `CYCLONE_COOKIE_NAME` |
+| Cookie `Secure` flag | true | always true in prod |
+
+### 6.8 Backend Dockerfile
+
+```dockerfile
+# Builder stage
+FROM python:3.11-slim-bookworm AS builder
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        build-essential libsqlcipher-dev libffi-dev \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+WORKDIR /build
+COPY pyproject.toml .
+COPY src/ ./src/
+RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --wheel-dir /wheels '.[sqlcipher]'
+
+# Runtime stage
+FROM python:3.11-slim-bookworm
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        libsqlcipher-dev curl tini \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    && useradd --create-home --uid 1000 cyclone
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /wheels /wheels
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --no-index --find-links /wheels cyclone
+COPY src/ /app/src/
+USER cyclone
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=20s --retries=3 \
+  CMD curl -fs http://localhost:8000/api/healthz || exit 1
+ENTRYPOINT ["tini", "--"]
+CMD ["python", "-m", "cyclone", "serve"]
+```
+
+`sqlcipher` is included but the engine falls back to plain SQLite if the package isn't actually installed — same graceful default as today, just biased toward enabling encryption in prod.
+
+## 7. Frontend changes
+
+### 7.1 New login page `src/pages/Login.tsx`
+
+A simple form: username + password inputs, submit button, error message slot. On success, navigate to `/`. Lives outside the auth-gated shell, served from a route that doesn't require authentication.
+
+```tsx
+export default function Login() {
+  const login = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: ({ username, password }) => api.login(username, password),
+    onSuccess: () => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['me'] }),
+  });
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+### 7.2 `useCurrentUser` hook
+
+```ts
+export function useCurrentUser() {
+  return useQuery({
+    queryKey: ['me'],
+    queryFn: () => api.me(),
+    retry: false,
+    staleTime: 60_000,
+  });
+}
+```
+
+### 7.3 AuthGate in `App.tsx`
+
+```tsx
+function AuthGate({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const { data: user, isLoading } = useCurrentUser();
+  const location = useLocation();
+  if (isLoading) return <FullPageSkeleton />;
+  if (!user) return <Navigate to="/login" state={{ from: location }} replace />;
+  return <>{children}</>;
+}
+```
+
+Wrap every route except `/login` in `<AuthGate>`. `/login` itself does *not* require auth.
+
+### 7.4 Role-based UI gating
+
+```ts
+const ROLE_RANK = { viewer: 0, operator: 1, admin: 2 };
+export function useCan(minRole: 'viewer' | 'operator' | 'admin'): boolean {
+  const { data: user } = useCurrentUser();
+  if (!user) return false;
+  return ROLE_RANK[user.role] >= ROLE_RANK[minRole];
+}
+```
+
+Used in NavBar to hide "Admin" links from operators/viewers, and on the `/admin/users` page as a guard (`if (!useCan('admin')) return <Forbidden />`).
+
+### 7.5 NavBar changes
+
+- Username + role badge (admin/operator/viewer) shown right-aligned
+- Logout button (calls `api.logout()`, clears react-query cache, navigates to `/login`)
+- "Admin" dropdown appears only when `useCan('admin')`
+
+### 7.6 `/admin/users` page (admin only)
+
+Table of users (username, role, last login, status). Actions:
+- **Create user** (modal with username + password + role)
+- **Edit role** (inline select)
+- **Reset password** (modal)
+- **Disable / enable** (toggle; sets `disabled_at`)
+
+### 7.7 api.ts additions
+
+```ts
+api.login(username: string, password: string): Promise<{ user: User }>
+api.logout(): Promise<void>
+api.me(): Promise<{ user: User }>     // throws 401 if not logged in
+api.changePassword(oldPw: string, newPw: string): Promise<void>
+api.listUsers(): Promise<User[]>
+api.createUser(...): Promise<User>
+api.updateUser(id: string, ...): Promise<User>
+api.deleteUser(id: string): Promise<void>
+```
+
+All `api.*` calls send `credentials: 'include'` so the session cookie flows.
+
+### 7.8 Frontend Dockerfile + nginx.conf
+
+`frontend/Dockerfile`:
+```dockerfile
+# Build stage
+FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
+WORKDIR /build
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
+RUN npm ci
+COPY . .
+RUN npm run build
+
+# Runtime stage
+FROM nginx:1.27-alpine
+COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+COPY --from=builder /build/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --retries=3 \
+  CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/ >/dev/null || exit 1
+```
+
+The nginx config shown in §5 lives at `frontend/nginx.conf`.
+
+## 8. Data, secrets, backups
+
+### 8.1 Named volumes
+
+| Volume | Mount path in container | Contents |
+|---|---|---|
+| `cyclone_db` | `/var/lib/cyclone/db/cyclone.db` | SQLCipher-encrypted SQLite |
+| `cyclone_backups` | `/var/lib/cyclone/backups/` | AES-256-GCM `.bin` + `.meta.json` |
+| `cyclone_prodfiles` | `/var/lib/cyclone/prodfiles/` | Uploaded 837 `.txt`, downloaded 835 |
+| `cyclone_sftp_staging` | `/var/lib/cyclone/sftp_staging/` | SFTP stub's outbound/inbound |
+
+These are managed by Docker (`docker volume create` / compose `volumes:`); they live under `/var/lib/docker/volumes/` on the host.
+
+### 8.2 Docker secrets (host-managed)
+
+| File | Mounted as | Purpose |
+|---|---|---|
+| `/etc/cyclone/secrets/db.key` | `/run/secrets/cyclone_db_key` | SQLCipher `PRAGMA key` — 64 hex chars |
+| `/etc/cyclone/secrets/secret.key` | `/run/secrets/cyclone_secret_key` | Cookie signing key — 64 hex chars |
+| `/etc/cyclone/secrets/admin_pw` | `/run/secrets/cyclone_admin_password` | One-time bootstrap admin password |
+
+`scripts/cyclone-init.sh` generates all three with `openssl rand -hex 32` (db.key + secret.key) and a memorable-but-random admin password, sets permissions to `chmod 600 root:root`, and prints the admin password once.
+
+### 8.3 Backup strategy (≤24h loss is acceptable)
+
+- The existing `BackupService` (SP17) is already implemented and tested: takes online snapshot via SQLite `.backup()` API, encrypts with AES-256-GCM, writes `.bin` + `.meta.json` in `cyclone_backups` volume
+- `CYCLONE_BACKUP_AUTOSTART=1` in compose starts the in-container backup scheduler on container start
+- `CYCLONE_BACKUP_INTERVAL_HOURS=24` (default)
+- 14-day retention (default; configurable via `CYCLONE_BACKUP_RETENTION_DAYS`)
+- Restore via existing `/api/admin/backup/{id}/restore/{initiate,confirm}` (admin-only after auth is wired)
+- Existing audit-log call `actor="backup-scheduler"` becomes `actor="backup-scheduler"` (unchanged — system actor, not a user)
+
+**Off-box backup copy** (operator's responsibility, documented in runbook):
+
+The operator sets up a host cron / systemd timer that rsyncs `/var/lib/docker/volumes/cyclone_backups/_data/` to an external drive or NAS nightly. The `.bin` files are already encrypted so the destination doesn't need its own encryption. Documented in `RUNBOOK.md` as a required post-deploy step.
+
+### 8.4 Data loss scenarios
+
+| Scenario | Outcome |
+|---|---|
+| Container crashes | Docker restarts; SQLite WAL recovers; no loss |
+| Disk corruption | Restore from latest local backup (≤24h old) |
+| Disk total loss | Restore from off-box backup copy (depends on operator's cron cadence) |
+| DB key compromise | Rotate via `POST /api/admin/db/rotate-key`; old backups re-encrypted on next cycle |
+| Operator forgets admin password | Reset via `cyclone admin reset-password --username admin --new-password X` |
+
+### 8.5 Encryption-at-rest coverage
+
+| Asset | Encrypted at rest (v1) | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Live SQLite DB | ✓ SQLCipher | AES-256, key in Docker secret |
+| Backup `.bin` files | ✓ AES-256-GCM | Key from backup passphrase |
+| Prodfiles (uploaded 837s) | — plain on disk | v2: per-file encryption or move to DB |
+| sftp_staging | — plain on disk | v2: per-file encryption |
+| Log files | — plain on disk | rotated, contained |
+
+v1 assumes the host is physically secure (single-operator server, locked room) and that LUKS is operator-level.
+
+## 9. Logging, monitoring, updates, ops
+
+### 9.1 Logging
+
+- JSON to stdout (already configured via `logging_config.py`) — Docker collects via `docker logs`
+- Bind-mount `/var/log/cyclone/` from the host so logrotate can manage retention (configured in `scripts/post-deploy.sh`)
+- Log levels: INFO in prod, DEBUG opt-in via `CYCLONE_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG`
+- Every login event (success + failure) logged with username, ip, user-agent, role
+- Every state-changing API call carries `actor=<user_id>` (existing audit-log machinery; we wire the auth user into `request.state.actor`)
+- New audit events: `auth.login`, `auth.logout`, `auth.login_failed`, `auth.password_changed`, `auth.user_created`, `auth.user_updated`, `auth.user_disabled`
+
+### 9.2 Healthcheck
+
+- Container-level: `curl -fs http://localhost:8000/api/healthz` every 30s, 3 retries (configured in Dockerfile)
+- Compose `restart: unless-stopped` on healthcheck failure (max 3 restarts then backoff)
+- `GET /api/healthz` returns `{db_ok: bool, scheduler_running: bool, last_backup_at: timestamp}` (existing endpoint, unchanged)
+
+### 9.3 Monitoring (v1 minimal)
+
+- No Prometheus/Grafana in v1
+- Host-level cron: `curl -fs http://localhost:8080/api/healthz >/dev/null || echo "Cyclone down at $(date)" | mail -s "cyclone DOWN" you@example.com`
+- Set up by `scripts/post-deploy.sh` during initial bootstrap
+
+### 9.4 Updates
+
+- Images tagged semver from `package.json` / `pyproject.toml`: `cyclone-backend:0.1.0`, `cyclone-frontend:0.1.0`
+- Two tag aliases per image:
+  - `latest` — set automatically by `docker compose build` (most recent build)
+  - `stable` — manually promoted by the operator once a release has run in prod for ≥1 week without issues, via `docker tag cyclone-backend:0.1.0 cyclone-backend:stable && docker tag cyclone-frontend:0.1.0 cyclone-frontend:stable`. Compose defaults to `:stable` so a new build doesn't get auto-rolled-out.
+- Update procedure (to pick up a new `:stable`):
+  ```bash
+  cd /opt/cyclone
+  docker compose pull           # pulls newer :stable tags
+  docker compose up -d          # recreates containers, preserves volumes + secrets
+  ```
+- DB migrations run automatically on backend start; migrations are forward-only with documented downgrade procedures (existing pattern)
+- Rollback: `TAG=0.0.9 docker compose up -d` (one env var override; compose reads `${TAG:-stable}` for the image tag)
+- Previous image stays in Docker's local cache for one cycle so rollback is offline
+
+### 9.5 Initial bootstrap
+
+```bash
+git clone <repo> /opt/cyclone && cd /opt/cyclone
+docker compose build                          # or: docker compose pull
+bash scripts/cyclone-init.sh                  # generates /etc/cyclone/secrets/*, prints admin password
+docker compose up -d                          # starts both containers
+# wait ~10s for migrations
+docker compose exec backend cyclone admin create-user \
+    --username admin --role admin --password-file /run/secrets/cyclone_admin_password
+# open browser to http://<lan-ip>:8080/login
+# log in as admin, change password, create operators
+bash scripts/post-deploy.sh                   # logrotate + healthcheck cron
+```
+
+### 9.6 Daily ops (operator runbook)
+
+- **Daily:** check `GET /api/healthz` (or trust the healthcheck email)
+- **Weekly:** review `/admin/audit-log` page for unusual activity
+- **Quarterly:** rotate DB key via `POST /api/admin/db/rotate-key`
+- **As needed:** create operators via `/admin/users`; restore from backup via the restore UI
+- **Annual:** rotate cookie signing key (re-login all users)
+
+Full procedures live in `RUNBOOK.md` shipped in the repo.
+
+## 10. docker-compose.yml
+
+```yaml
+name: cyclone
+
+services:
+  backend:
+    image: cyclone-backend:${TAG:-stable}
+    build: ./backend
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      CYCLONE_DB_URL: "sqlite:////var/lib/cyclone/db/cyclone.db"
+      CYCLONE_BACKUP_AUTOSTART: "1"
+      CYCLONE_BACKUP_INTERVAL_HOURS: "24"
+      CYCLONE_BACKUP_RETENTION_DAYS: "14"
+      CYCLONE_LOG_LEVEL: "INFO"
+      CYCLONE_LOG_FILE: "/var/log/cyclone/cyclone.log"
+      CYCLONE_LOG_JSON: "1"
+      CYCLONE_SESSION_ABSOLUTE_DAYS: "30"
+      CYCLONE_SESSION_SLIDING_HOURS: "8"
+      CYCLONE_COOKIE_SECURE: "1"
+    secrets:
+      - cyclone_db_key
+      - cyclone_secret_key
+    volumes:
+      - cyclone_db:/var/lib/cyclone/db
+      - cyclone_backups:/var/lib/cyclone/backups
+      - cyclone_prodfiles:/var/lib/cyclone/prodfiles
+      - cyclone_sftp_staging:/var/lib/cyclone/sftp_staging
+      - cyclone_logs:/var/log/cyclone
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fs", "http://localhost:8000/api/healthz"]
+      interval: 30s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
+      start_period: 30s
+    networks: [cyclone_network]
+
+  frontend:
+    image: cyclone-frontend:${TAG:-stable}
+    build: ./frontend
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "8080:8080"
+    depends_on:
+      backend:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    networks: [cyclone_network]
+
+secrets:
+  cyclone_db_key:
+    file: /etc/cyclone/secrets/db.key
+  cyclone_secret_key:
+    file: /etc/cyclone/secrets/secret.key
+  cyclone_admin_password:
+    file: /etc/cyclone/secrets/admin_pw
+
+volumes:
+  cyclone_db:
+  cyclone_backups:
+  cyclone_prodfiles:
+  cyclone_sftp_staging:
+  cyclone_logs:
+
+networks:
+  cyclone_network:
+    driver: bridge
+```
+
+The `8080:8080` port is the only one published to the host. The operator is expected to bind to the LAN IP at the firewall level (UFW rules or similar).
+
+## 11. Error handling
+
+- **Login failures:** increment `failed_count`; lock at 5 fails / 15min; log `auth.login_failed`; 423 on locked accounts.
+- **Session expiry:** 401; frontend redirects to `/login` with `state.from` preserved.
+- **Missing role:** 403 with explicit message; UI shows a "Forbidden" page instead of trying to render.
+- **Backend crash:** Docker healthcheck restarts the container; SQLite WAL recovers in-flight writes.
+- **DB key missing:** container starts but `db.is_encryption_enabled()` returns False; `BackupService` refuses to run (existing behavior); compose logs a warning.
+- **Migration failure on startup:** container exits with non-zero; compose `restart: unless-stopped` backs off after 3 attempts; operator checks logs via `docker compose logs backend`.
+- **Backup failure:** logged at ERROR; audit event `backup.failed`; existing retry behavior in `BackupService`.
+
+## 12. Testing
+
+### 12.1 New unit tests
+
+- `tests/test_auth.py` (~12 tests)
+  - `test_create_user_with_argon2_hash`
+  - `test_login_with_correct_password_returns_session`
+  - `test_login_with_wrong_password_increments_failed_count`
+  - `test_login_locks_account_after_5_failures`
+  - `test_login_lock_clears_after_15min`
+  - `test_session_cookie_is_httponly_secure_samesite_lax`
+  - `test_session_expires_after_sliding_window`
+  - `test_session_absolute_lifetime_enforced`
+  - `test_logout_deletes_session_and_clears_cookie`
+  - `test_change_password_invalidates_other_sessions`
+  - `test_require_role_rejects_below_minimum`
+  - `test_require_role_returns_user_object_to_dependency`
+- `tests/test_users.py` (~6 tests)
+  - `test_admin_can_create_user`
+  - `test_operator_cannot_create_user`
+  - `test_admin_can_change_user_role`
+  - `test_admin_can_disable_user`
+  - `test_disabled_user_cannot_login`
+  - `test_audit_event_for_user_lifecycle`
+
+Total new backend tests: **~18**.
+
+### 12.2 Docker smoke tests
+
+- `tests/test_docker.py` (~4 tests)
+  - `test_compose_config_validates`
+  - `test_dockerfile_backend_builds`
+  - `test_dockerfile_frontend_builds`
+  - `test_compose_up_brings_up_healthy_stack` (uses `testcontainers-python` or skips if not available; gated on a `DOCKER_TESTS=1` env var)
+
+### 12.3 Smoke script
+
+`scripts/smoke.sh`:
+```bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# 1. Bring up stack
+docker compose up -d --build
+
+# 2. Wait for healthcheck
+for i in {1..30}; do
+  if curl -fs http://localhost:8080/api/healthz > /dev/null; then break; fi
+  sleep 2
+done
+
+# 3. Login
+COOKIE_JAR=$(mktemp)
+curl -fs -c "$COOKIE_JAR" -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/auth/login \
+  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+  -d "{\"username\":\"admin\",\"password\":\"$(cat /etc/cyclone/secrets/admin_pw)\"}"
+
+# 4. Parse a sample 837
+curl -fs -b "$COOKIE_JAR" -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/parse-837 \
+  -F "file=@docs/goodclaim.x12"
+
+# 5. List batches
+curl -fs -b "$COOKIE_JAR" http://localhost:8080/api/batches
+
+# 6. Export
+curl -fs -b "$COOKIE_JAR" -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/batches/<id>/export-837 \
+  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"claim_ids":["..."]}' \
+  -o /tmp/export.zip
+
+unzip -l /tmp/export.zip | grep -E '\.x12$'
+
+echo "smoke: OK"
+```
+
+### 12.4 Existing tests
+
+- All existing backend tests must continue to pass
+- All existing frontend tests must continue to pass
+- Pre-existing prodfile smoke failures (rate-limit / orphan-set refs on 999/TA1) remain pre-existing and out of scope
+
+## 13. Migration / rollout
+
+### 13.1 First-time deploy
+
+For a brand-new install on a fresh Ubuntu 22.04 server, follow §9.5 above. No data to migrate — this is the first deployment.
+
+### 13.2 Upgrading an existing dev install
+
+If an operator has been running `python -m cyclone serve` locally with the in-memory store or a plaintext SQLite file, the upgrade path is:
+
+1. **Stop the existing server.**
+2. **Export any production data:** SQLite is at `~/.local/share/cyclone/cyclone.db`. The operator takes a final plaintext backup *before* the SQLCipher transition; we don't try to encrypt-in-place (would need a different migration).
+3. **Run `scripts/cyclone-init.sh`** to generate secrets.
+4. **Run `docker compose up -d`** — the backend starts with an empty SQLCipher DB. Migrations run.
+5. **Bootstrap admin user** via the CLI in the container.
+6. **Re-import data** from the plaintext export (manual step; documented in RUNBOOK).
+
+The in-memory store from the parent spec is *lost* on upgrade (by design — local-only). The plaintext SQLite DB *can* be carried over manually if needed.
+
+### 13.3 Updating the running stack
+
+```bash
+cd /opt/cyclone
+docker compose pull                          # or: docker compose build
+docker compose up -d                         # recreates containers
+docker compose logs -f backend | head -200   # verify migrations + healthcheck
+```
+
+DB migrations run automatically on backend start; they're forward-only. To roll back the code (not the schema): `TAG=0.0.9 docker compose up -d`.
+
+## 14. Out of scope (explicit)
+
+- Real SFTP wire (paramiko)
+- Public TLS / domain / Caddy reverse proxy in compose
+- Multi-host HA / DB replication / load balancing
+- Prometheus / Grafana / alerting beyond the simple email cron
+- Off-box automated backup shipping (operator's cron)
+- 2FA / SSO / OAuth
+- Self-service password reset
+- Per-file encryption of prodfiles / sftp_staging
+- LUKS full-disk encryption
+- Watchtower / automatic updates
+- Linting/pre-commit/dev tooling polish
+- Component / E2E browser tests (Playwright)
+
+## 15. Acceptance checklist
+
+### 15.1 Backend
+
+- [ ] `pytest tests/test_auth.py tests/test_users.py tests/test_docker.py -v` passes
+- [ ] All previously-passing tests still pass; new total ≥ previous + 18
+- [ ] `docker compose config` validates with no errors
+- [ ] `docker compose build` succeeds for both services
+- [ ] `docker compose up -d` brings both containers to `healthy` within 60s
+- [ ] `curl http://localhost:8080/api/healthz` returns `{db_ok: true, scheduler_running: true}`
+
+### 15.2 Auth + RBAC
+
+- [ ] `POST /api/auth/login` with correct creds sets `cyclone_session` cookie (HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite=Lax) and returns `{user: {...}}`
+- [ ] 5 wrong logins within 15min locks the account; 423 returned
+- [ ] `GET /api/batches` without session cookie returns 401
+- [ ] `GET /api/admin/users` as operator returns 403; as admin returns list
+- [ ] Logout clears the cookie and invalidates the session in the DB
+- [ ] Password change invalidates other sessions for that user
+
+### 15.3 Encryption + backups
+
+- [ ] `cyclone.db_crypto.is_encryption_enabled()` returns True in container
+- [ ] Inspecting the DB file on disk shows binary ciphertext, not plaintext
+- [ ] `POST /api/admin/backup/create` creates an encrypted `.bin` in `/var/lib/cyclone/backups/`
+- [ ] Backup scheduler runs every 24h (`docker compose logs backend | grep backup-scheduler`)
+- [ ] Restore flow works end-to-end: create backup → wipe DB → restore → verify data present
+
+### 15.4 Frontend
+
+- [ ] Unauthenticated browser request to `/` redirects to `/login`
+- [ ] Login as admin → land on `/`; NavBar shows username + role
+- [ ] Operator does not see "Admin" link in NavBar
+- [ ] `/admin/users` as operator shows "Forbidden" page
+- [ ] Logout button clears session and returns to `/login`
+- [ ] `npm run build` produces a `dist/` that serves correctly from nginx
+
+### 15.5 Smoke
+
+- [ ] `scripts/smoke.sh` passes end-to-end against a fresh stack
+- [ ] `RUNBOOK.md` exists and contains the §9.6 procedures
+- [ ] `scripts/post-deploy.sh` sets up logrotate + healthcheck cron without errors
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